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文/哈斯廷斯 陸奇 張一甲
整理/馬雅蘭 張恒
來源:甲子光年(ID:jazzyear)
從傳統 DVD 租賃公司到全球領先的流媒體巨頭,從互聯網泡沫時期虧損6000萬美元到如今市值超2000億美元,網飛(Netflix)的逆勢增長顯然不僅僅是一個“疫情受益者”足以解釋說明的。
在企業家人群中,網飛一直是一個別具一格的role model。在硅谷,它與Facebook、亞馬遜、谷歌并稱“美股四劍客”。《網飛文化手冊》更是被 Facebook CFO Sherly Sandberg稱為“硅?谷最重要的文件”,被瘋傳下載超1500萬次。
可以說,網飛不僅帶來了讓人驚艷的作品,其獨特的管理理念和企業文化也廣為人道。
在1月6日的‘甲子直播間’,網飛(Netflix)創始人兼CEO“里德·哈斯廷斯(Reed Hastings)帶著他的新書《不拘一格》首次和中國讀者見面。他與奇績創壇創始人、微軟前全球執行副總裁陸奇博士就企業管理和科技公司的文化創新展開了對話,同時,甲子光年創始人、CEO張一甲擔任特邀主持參與了這一對話。
以下是陸奇對話哈斯廷斯的直播實錄:
張一甲:大家好,我是甲子光年創始人CEO張一甲,歡迎大家來到直播間。
剛剛過去的2020年,發生了很多我們預料不到的事,一場疫情改變了很多商業生態,行業可謂旱澇不均,冰火兩重天——對比線下,線上的優勢大幅放大。比如電影業,停止了拍攝、主題樂園也陸續關園,很多電影延遲上映,而很早就轉型流媒體平臺的網飛,股價卻飆升到了歷史最高點。
說到網飛,就不能不提網飛自制的很多神劇,比如最近大熱的《后翼棄兵》,之前刷屏的《愛,死亡,機器人》等,甚至很多時候,“網飛劇”三個字就成了內容的保證。是網飛成就了網飛劇,還是網飛劇成就了網飛呢?這個答案,離不開這家公司背后的掌舵者——網飛創始人兼CEO,里德·哈斯廷斯。
在剛剛公布的《財富》雜志2020年度商業人物中,里德·哈斯廷斯位列第四,和埃隆·馬斯克一起二度霸榜。
為什么網飛能強勢增長?為什么在網飛內部能創新不斷?這是因為哈斯廷斯建立了一套反常識、反直覺的管理法則。
在網飛,你不用取悅老板,有話可以直說,不用擔心有人給你穿小鞋;在網飛,沒有休假制度,你喜歡休假就可以隨時“飛去熱帶的島嶼游泳”——網飛的員工,就是可以這樣無法無天。是不是挺羨慕的?不僅如此,網飛還給員工提供行業最高工資,讓你的理想和荷包同步豐滿。
你可能會問,網飛怎么敢這么做?給員工太多自由,員工會不會就放飛自我,把公司給造沒了呢?
對此,在2020年底,哈斯廷斯出版了一本書,《不拘一格》,解答了外界的疑問,并發自肺腑地說:如果你給員工充分的自由,他們會承擔更多責任。
對于很多管理者而言,他們很害怕混亂,于是,他們制造了很多規章制度去回避混亂,然而,網飛的做法十分不拘一格,他們喜歡“在混亂的邊界進行管理”。對于這一點,我一直非常好奇,也非常期待有機會獲得來自網飛老板的直接答案。
今天,我們很榮幸請到哈斯廷斯先生,這是他首次和中國讀者見面!哈斯廷斯將為我們談一談網飛文化和他的這本《不拘一格》,NO RULE‘S RULES。
而且,作為《不拘一格》中文版的出版方,中信出版集團特意邀請了奇績創壇創始人陸奇博士作為嘉賓。陸奇博士2008年加入微軟,任全球執行副總裁,而2007年哈斯廷斯開始擔任微軟董事,二人就此結下了深厚的友誼。那么話不多說,我們有請兩位嘉賓。
陸奇:大家好,我叫陸奇,奇績創壇的創始人。今天非常高興有機會能跟我的朋友里德·哈斯廷斯對話,他真的是非常出色的創業者和創新者,大家可以看到他在網飛(Netflix)所取得的驕人的成就。今天,有機會采訪他,主要是就網飛的新書進行探討聊天,書名NO RULE‘S RULES,中文翻譯成《不拘一格》。書里面闡述了網飛是如何建立一種非常新,同時又有很大效率的一種創新文化,讓員工在很大的程度上充分發揮他們的創造力,希望今天我跟Reed的對話能夠幫助中國的讀者更好的理解這本書,謝謝大家。
哈斯廷斯:今天很榮幸能夠來到這里,跟陸奇、還有廣大中國讀者們一起聊聊。我很高興我的書《不拘一格》能夠擁有大量中國讀者,這是極具意義的,因為現在有很多的宣傳活動在中國舉行。
It‘s an honor to be here today, and to spend time with you. I’m so thrilled that our book NO RULE‘S RULES has a Chinese readership, which make sense because there’s so much entrepreneurial activity going on in China today.
陸奇:里德,很高興見到你,我非常榮幸能夠有機會就這本書采訪你幾個中國讀者所提出的問題。第一個問題,在網飛文化中,你提到了三個關鍵因素:人才密度、坦誠溝通、減少管控。說到人才密度,你是如何意識到他在新文化的建設中起到的關鍵性作用呢?
Reed, so great to see you. It‘s my distinct honor to be able to have the chance to interview you for several questions with regard to that book for the Chinese audiences and readers. First question, Reed. In that fifth culture, three key aspects: talent density,increasing level of candor, and reduced corporate controls. In terms of talent density, how did you realize early on is critical importance in building foundation of that new culture.
哈斯廷斯:嗯,我認為一開始公司規模比較小,可能只有五到十個人,你的確產生了人才密度。但你沒有流程,你只有一些了不起的員工。隨著企業的不斷擴大,事情會變得更具挑戰性,有些企業的人數可能是上百名,上千名又或者上萬名員工。當你意識到“是時候長大了”,事情也變得很混亂,我們開始需要流程。
事實上,我在第一家公司就是這么做了。每當我看到問題出現,我們就會制定一個程序來防止它再次發生。所以我把它看作是一個恢復軟件,接著,便形成了一個基本的管理模型。
事實證明,它可以減少錯誤,但也會限制創造力。如果你是司機,你必須遵守規則。但做創造性工作,并不總是遵循既定規則。他們不喜歡按部就班,而是工作在混亂的臨界狀態。《不拘一格》這本書講述的正是為了將創造性最大程度發揮以及如何通過在混亂的邊緣進行管理而不是陷入混亂。
Well,I think when you start very small and you just got five or ten people, you really yield talent density. You have no process, you just have some amazing people.
And then as you grow, things can get more challenging, and for some people, that‘s at a hundred employees, for some that’s at a thousand, for some it‘s at ten thousand.
What you heard is “Time to grow up”, things are chaotic, we need to put process in place.
And in fact I did that at my first company. I saw every time there was an error, we put a process in place to prevent it ever happening again. So I viewed it like a software regression suite, and then, that was a basic model of management.
And it turns out that it dose work at eliminating errors, but it also reduces creativity. Because the people who drive are the ones who follow the rules. And the people who do the creative work, you know, they don‘t always follow every rule. They’re not attracted by, like, process culture. They are attracted by working on the edge of chaos, and so the book NO RULE‘S RULES is about how to get the most creativity, by managing on the edge of chaos but not falling into chaos.
陸奇:你談到要管理混亂的臨界狀態、釋放創造力,能否就這一點具體談一談。在我們深入討論這個問題的核心之前,許多中國讀者和觀眾對一個問題很感興趣,尤其是對初創企業來說,當他們還處于起步階段的時候,聘用頂尖的人才一直是個難題。對那些希望請到最好的工程師和產品經理的初創企業,你有什么建議、經驗、教訓?
So crystalize, when hearing you say managing the edge of chaos and unleashing the creativity. Before we get into the core of that, many of the Chinese readership and the audiences are interesting in one question though, particularly for start-ups when you are small, when you are early,hiring top notch talents has always been a struggled, a difficulty we all face. Do you have any tips, any lessons, advice for early stage company try to hire best engineer best product managers in all that?
哈斯廷斯:人人都期待在這個世界做出一番成就,希望自己所做的工作有意義。所以如果能夠想清楚這次創業會給世界帶來怎樣的影響,我認為這足以形成最強大的推動力,讓我們完成英雄的壯舉。創業的實質就是通過變革,為世界帶來影響。
People wanna make a difference in the world, they want their work to matter. So if you focus your pitch on why the work of the start-up is going to make an impact, I think that‘s the most compelling thing that gets people to do heroic things. It’s to change something to make an impact.
陸奇:說得好,在混亂的邊界進行管理,我真的很喜歡這個概念。
Yeah, so well said. And I‘m going back to sort of the core, managing the edge of chaos, I really like the framing.
張一甲:我也同意,這個用語很妙,在混亂的邊界進行管理,但是如何把握這個度,既可以讓員工享有自由并發揮創新,又不至于讓企業跌入深淵,很考驗管理者的能力,這就好像是在走鋼索,稍有不慎就很容易粉身碎骨。
I agree with Dr. Lu that “managing the edge of chaos” is quite an interesting playing of words. However this way of management is tricky. It is hard to find a proper level of chaos when you want to balance the freedom of employees and the sound running of the company.It‘s like walking on a rope. With one step wrong, you may die. Ok, let’s continue.
陸奇:下一個問題,網飛文化的關鍵是交流。問題是,根據你的經驗,你認為坦白到什么程度最合適?有時做過了頭,混亂狀況就變得不可收拾,不做呢創造力又無法充分釋放。你有過這類經歷嗎?如何調整或管理交流的坦誠程度,你有何經驗?
The next question is, the key part of the culture is candor in communications. The question is, in all of your experience, so how do you manage the level of candor, sometimes if you over the edge, chaos will be too much, and if you enter the creativity won’t be unleashed enough. Do you have sort of experiences, and sort of framing of how you properly adjust or manage the level of candor in communication.
哈斯廷斯:看看人類的演變,我們在進化中變得有禮貌,是因為我們和其他人一起居住在城鎮。過于誠實會有危險,批評或被批評都有風險。我們必須意識到一點,必須承認一點,如果我們都能坦誠相對,我們能成長得更好。
成長是好事,大家都知道,它可以幫助人們應對痛苦。
比如我,你知道,就像我這樣成功,當有人批評我,天哪!我也會心臟狂跳,面紅耳赤,心煩意亂。我必須學會放下。我把它比作運動,強撐著做完最后一個俯臥撐,你會很痛苦,但你知道這樣的痛苦會讓你更強大。
所以,怎么說呢,它不僅對你的肌肉有幫助,對智力也有幫助。所以痛苦也是好事兒。痛苦使你成長,變得更強。如果能讓員工樂于接受批評所帶來的心理上的不適就再好不過,因為批評是為他們好。就像運動,如果過量,也會受傷。批評也是一樣,他們希望批評是有理有據的,是可執行的,是實用的。所以批評也是一項藝術。但人對批評有天然的心理防御,這種抵觸不利于成長和學習。
Think of human evolution. We have evolved to be polite because we live in cities and villages around each other. It‘s scary to be too honest. So this danger of being criticized or getting critic is very strong in our psyche, and what you have to realize and get permission to is if we can all be honest to each other, we can all grow more.
And growth is good that everyone acknowledges that, and then that‘s helping people deal with the pain.
Because even as, you know, successful as I‘ve been, when I’m criticized, my god, my heart beats, I get all red, I‘m upset. I have to let go. I try to remember it’s like exercising. And you know when you doing those last push-ups, it hurts.And you know from the pain, that‘s getting you stronger.
So then that‘s helping to say, it’s true of your muscles, is also true of your intellect. So the pain is good. The pain is how you grow, the pain is how you get stronger. Then if you can get people to be willing to take the psychological pain of the critic ‘cause we’ll make them better and not break them down, that‘s great, just like we exercise if you do too much, you get hurt, it recks your body. Also on critic, they want it to be supported, they want it to be actionable, very practical. So there’s an art to do it very well, but it‘s getting through our psychological defenses that we all have, but they’re counter-productive for growing and learning.
陸奇:確實,你所說的我也經歷過,也因此得到了鍛煉和成長。
Definite , I saw myself experienced moments as you described the key phrasing of exercise and get in better intellectual...
張一甲:的確,就像那句“打不死你的只會讓你更加強壯”一樣,不管痛苦有多大,經歷過后只會讓我們的身體和心靈的鎧甲更加堅實。而那些批評,雖然不悅耳,卻正是我們成長所必需的養分。
幾乎每一個成功的人都有過自己人生的“至暗時刻”。讓我印象比較深的就是埃隆·馬斯克了。馬斯克在一次采訪中說過,2008年是他最難熬的一年,這一年,特斯拉還在不斷燒錢,SpaceX的獵鷹一號火箭第三次發射仍然失敗,他和前妻賈斯汀也在這一年離婚了。
2020年11月24號,根據福布斯的報道,馬斯克超越了比爾蓋茨和馬克扎克伯格成為了世界第二大富豪,身價高達1450億美元,僅次于世界首富亞馬遜CEO杰夫貝佐斯的1850億美元。
他也曾在采訪中表達過和哈斯廷斯類似的觀點。他說,“如果想要開一家成功的企業,CEO們應該花更多時間去尋求批評,因為這會讓公司的產品盡可能完美,而不是花大量時間去搞融資,開會和PPT匯報。”
尤其對于很多中國企業家而言,很多人把自己的位置放得高高在上,不希望別人的挑戰和質疑,然而事實上,企業的領導者,你的成功不是由大家對你個人的褒揚來實現的,而是企業的業績實現的——如果接受批評可以使得企業更強大,接受批評就是一種獎勵。
好的,我們繼續談談你的書和Netflix吧。你的公司在美國運營情況如何?
What you just said reminds me of the motto “what doesn‘t kill you only makes you stronger”.No matter how painful the challenge is, it will only build up our physical and intellectual powers. Those unpleasing criticisms are essential nutrients to our growth.
Nearly every success story has its darkest time and Elon Musk is one of them that impressed me. In an interview, Musk said 2008 was “the worst year of my life” as Tesla was losing money, SpaceX was failing the third time to launch its Falcon 1 rocket, and he was getting divorced.
But this year, Musk became the second-richest person in the world on November 24, surpassing Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg.Musk also had a similar view with you, Reed. He once said that CEOs should “spend less time on finance, spend less time in conference rooms,less time on PowerPoint, and more time seeking criticism of their product if they want to run a successful business.”
This is especially true for many Chinese entrepreneurs who put themselves high up and tolerate no doubts or challenges.In reality, your success doesn‘t come from others’ praises but from the performance of your company: If taking criticism makes your company stronger then it can be seen as a reward.
If you would like to, you probably can talk more about Netflix. So how is your business in the States now?
哈斯廷斯:很好,因為新型冠狀病毒疫情的原因,人們有更多時間看劇,所以我們和亞馬遜一樣,是疫情的受益者。
The business is good, because in COVID people watch more entertainment, so, we‘re like Amazon, and in that way it’s a COVID benefit.
張一甲:我知道你的新書在美國亞馬遜排名非常好,有人邀請你去學校或組織演講嗎?
Your book No rule‘s rules was sold very well on Amazon.Are you invited to give lectures or take part in big promotional activities for schools or organisations?
哈斯廷斯:似乎還不錯,因為我認識的每個人都在讀。這本書現在要進入商科院校,成為課程的一部分。它為創意工作的管理者提供了全新視角。
你知道在新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情期間,我哪里都去不了。所以還沒有。
Yeah,anecdotally it seems to be great, because everyone I know is reading it. And It‘s getting into business schools now. and you know it’s getting to be part of the curriculum. There might be a different approach when you are managing creative work.
You know in this COVID period I‘m trapped.
張一甲:你是否可以用一個章節概述全書?哪些內容你特別希望中國讀者讀一下?
And I just wondering if you have to pick up like one chapter from the book to give a whole picture of the book to, especially to the Chinese readers, what kind of content you would like to recommend?
哈斯廷斯:我想說,這本書是為那些創意企業寫的,這些企業對犯錯有很高的包容度,只要他們創造了令人驚奇的東西。
I would say our book is for creative organizations that are OK with making some mistakes, some errors as long as they invent amazing things.
陸奇:下一個問題,里德,是關于反饋。網飛特別制定了4A反饋法則。中國的創業者們非常感興趣,人們在想我們可不可以學習這一點。在你看來,尤其是從網飛的經驗來講,4A法則的關鍵是什么,怎么能有效地實施該準則?
So the question I was asking, next question, Reed, was regard to the feedback, in particular, Netflix, overall developed a 4A feedback guidelines. Our Chinese leadership audiences are very interested, there is a lot interest, people are thinking about how we can improve that. In your experience, what of the key points in that 4A guidelines, and how the guideline can be efficiently implemented, particularly from your experience in Netflix.
張一甲:抱歉打斷一下,可能我們的觀眾不熟悉網飛的4A反饋法則。4A反饋法則是Aim to asssit,目的在于幫助;Actionable,反饋應具有可行性;Appreciate,感激與贊賞;Accept or discard,接受或拒絕。現在讓我們把畫面交給里德,來回答一下奇博士的問題。
Sorry to interrupt, Maybe our audience are not familiar with Netflix’s 4A feedback guilelines.The 4A feedback guidelines are Aim to assist; Actionable, Appreciate;Accept or discard.Now lets give time to Reed, pls answer Qi’s question.
哈斯廷斯:我想說,奇,關鍵是要不同于社會常規。在生活中,我們做到尊重別人,對別人有禮貌。工作中,我們需要打破常規,這樣才能學到更多東西。我們相互批評。一開始這會讓人很不舒服,但是就像鍛煉肌肉力量。每天聽到人們說“請給我一些建議”,慢慢的這種建議就是非常自然的了。可能在會議結束時,有人告訴你說:“會開得很好,但這個話題太大,應該留在今后討論。”提批評建議不是抗拒或不尊重,反而是善良和誠實的體現。善良和尊重都很重要。
但是如果我們能夠直言,也就是更坦誠,我們的組織會更好。我們所討論的坦誠是指工作上的坦誠,不是對別人說我不喜歡你的穿著,或者被你吸引等等,這些與工作無關。我們談的是工作上的坦誠,這不僅讓公司,最終也讓產品、服務更上一層樓。
I would say Qi, it‘s about giving each other permission to be different than the normal social contract. In human life, you know we have ways of being respectable and polite. We have to explicitly say we are going do it differently at work, because we can learn more. And let’s practice and give each other feedback. That‘s, you know,uncomfortable at first. And so you can develop the muscle, and then everyday heard people say “give me some feedback please,” you make it like you normalize but doing it, you know, more often than you need to. So it’s deadly learning so that they become comfortable at the end of the meeting, to say, you know, I thought the meeting went well, but you know we really didn‘t get to this big topic which we should do it in future topic. You know that’s not confrontational or disrespectful. So it‘s, often these things are attention of two goods. We admire kindness, and we admire honesty. We have to say, look into our attention, and normally we go by kindness and respect.
But it will be better for our organization if we go more honestly. So please can we all agree that what will be now is productive honesty, you don‘t want people say they don’t like how you dress or I‘m attracted to you, you know, there’s some other unprofessional honesty we are not talking about. We are talking about professional honesty to make the organization, then ultimately the product, your service better.
張一甲:沒錯,坦誠很重要,坦誠是今天的高頻詞。事實上,坦誠是很多一流企業家的共識。
比如,字節跳動創始人、CEO張一鳴非常推崇杰克韋爾奇的《贏》這本書,尤其是里面的“坦誠”二字。他認為企業成長的大敵,就是缺乏坦誠。
關于坦誠的重要性,張一鳴不斷強調。他說過:“在商業生活中不坦誠實際上是一種自私的表現,為了讓你自己的生活工作更加輕松,而這種以為卻常是缺乏遠見的。”
隨著初創公司的規模越來越大,協作的重要性也愈加凸顯。人多了就需要溝通,然而語言本身所能傳達的信息就很有限,再加上我們會有所隱瞞,不夠坦誠的話,初創公司就很難存活。
Well-said! Being frank is really important!Nowadays, honesty is a popular word and in fact, it also wins consensus among many leading entrepreneurs.
For example, the founder and CEO of ByteDance Zhang Yiming. He really admires the book Winning by Jack Welch. Especially the parts that emphasize the importance of honesty.
Nowadays, team work is becoming more and more important, your achievements are based on the supports of others. If you are not honest, you will hurt everyone including your self.
陸奇:沒錯,你說得對。下一個問題是,回顧網飛企業文化創立和實施的精彩旅程,你一直努力給員工提供更多的自由,讓員工承擔更多的企業責任。我和別人談到這個,都覺得這種做法很有趣。但人們對很多潛在的問題存在焦慮。你能否和我們分享,當你開創網飛時所遭遇的陷阱和問題。給員工越多自由,這種焦慮程度就越高。如果你能分享一些你的經驗,會對讀者很有幫助。
That‘s right, the next question is, look out to the overall journey of implementing or creating Netflix wonderful creature, what you really centre around giving employees more freedom and enable employees take more corporate responsibilities. There’s a lot of interest I would say, based on even my interaction with people that I know about. But people also have anxieties, if Iwere to follow some of the suggestions, potential problems stay if I‘m into. So the question is for you to share, when you are practicing, pioneering that culture in Netflix, all there any pitfalls you’re into, potential hidden problems you didn‘t forsee when you’re into and you have to adjust. Because as there‘s more interest in practicing this, the higher level of anxieties. If you can share some of the things you’re into and you need to adjust would be wonderful, and would be very helpful for the readers.
哈斯廷斯:這種焦慮是有道理的,因為任何一個組織都是一個復雜的系統,有一批相互關聯的人,所以你需要有一個很高的人才密度,才能有自由,否則人們只會做出很多不好的選擇。你需要定一個方向,那就是認同一致松散耦合,所以人們知道我們要用什么樣的方式來服務客戶。
有很多相互聯系的部分,你不能只拿一個元素說它會起作用,因為脫離情景它可能不會起作用。
因此,一點一點地建立起信心,目標不是管理,而是激勵人,所以把它看作是一點一點地學習如何通過激勵來領導,而不是通過管理來領導或告訴人們該做什么。你知道工廠對我們的文明是如此重要,如此富有成效,所以工廠的精神模式延伸到許多其他領域,而創造性的努力與工廠不同,不能還讓讓老板自上而下地告訴工人們該做什么。所以要再想想,從管理到激勵的轉變。
The anxiety is sensible, because think of any organization as a complex system with a batch of inter-dependents, so you need to have a great talent density, to be able to have the freedom, or else people just make a lot bad choices, you need to be setting direction that‘s the highly alligned loosely couple, so people know in what way are we trying toserve the customer.
So you know there‘s a lot inter-connected parts, you can’t just take one element and say that‘s going to work ’cause out of the context it probably won‘t work.
And so it is building up confidence bit by bit that the goal is not to manage people, the goal is not to manage, that the goal is to inspire people instead, so think about it as bit by bit learning how to lead by inspiration, instead of lead by management or telling people what to do. You know the factory has been so important to our civilization, so productive, so the mental model of the factory beleads into many other areas, and creative endeavors are just different from the factory. And we still have the boss top down tell the workers what to do or orientation. so again think of the shift being moving from management to inspiration.
陸奇:是的,非常有道理,里德。因為你剛剛提到這個方面。具體來說就是與中國的合作。由于很多原因,中國的傳統文化是“一言堂”,這是多年來的一種普遍的規范。過渡到不同的管理方式,尤其是運用情景管理而不是控制。現在人們看到了“放”與“管”的新思路。但很多人又不敢放棄管理權力。網飛從早期成立到發展壯大,再到今天在全球的領先地位,可能也面臨過類似的問題。這個過程中你是如何通過情景來進行管控的呢?當今中國企業的普遍做法很傳統,你在這方面的技巧或經驗會給正在思考這個問題的中國觀眾帶來很大的幫助。
Yeah, so this is terrifically articulate, Reed. with regard to corporations in China. For a lot of reasons, the culture tradition “one man control” the boss making the dicisions, sort of the common norm being many years. And transition into a different way in managing, particularly using contexts vs control. People see the potential benefit, but would be hesitant or fear of giving up controls. So you likely may have faced similar decision points, as you work through from the early days of Netflix to its massive growth towards today‘s powerful position in the world. In that journey, how you’ve been, sort of thinking about control in the context, in particular, giving tips or thoughtful experiences to the Chinese audience and readership would be very helpful for all of the readers who are thinking about this maybe struggling in it. Just because sort of the tradition the common practice in today‘s corporate world in China.
哈斯廷斯:在美國,我們有許多領導者,像比爾·蓋茨、埃隆·馬斯克、史蒂夫·喬布斯,他們令人驚嘆,比上帝還要強大。他們要求更多的細節,給予更多的指導,這是成功的一個途徑。你有一個天才在管理公司,其余人只要開會討論天才提出的指示就可以了。公司的興衰完全取決于這個天才的狀態,公司變得過于依賴某個人。假設你就是這樣一個天才,公司的核心。接著你想拓寬,想要公司保持健康。就像健身,公司的肌肉越來越多,你對公司的控制就可以越來越少。剛開始,公司會遇到很多難題,所以很多決定都是靠領導來做。但隨著公司的發展,更多的人會參與進來,會有三百、三千、甚至三萬員工,所有人都會繼續進步、成長,學會獨立思考。
In the US, we have many leaders like Bill Gates, Elon Mask, Steve Jobs, amazing leaders, and they‘re stronger than Gods.They command more detail, they can get more instructions, and that’s one way to succeed. You got a genius, you know, running the company, and just meet and get all the decisions to the genius, and the genius decides. The challenges with the companies is they rise and fall with their genius. They become too dependent on the genius. And so even if you are such a genius, then it‘s like you want to broaden, you want that organization to last longer than you and to be healthy, so then it’s building the muscle when you‘re doing less and less every year. In the start-up of this, it’s probably true that, you know, the leaders gonna make a lot of decisions, because it‘s so challenging with start-up. But again as you grow, you wanna shift to building muscle, so that all of the people are engaged, you’ve got three hundred, three thousand and thirty thousand, all continuing to improve and grow and think for themselves.
張一甲:對,是的,我同意這一點。確實很多公司在成長過程中過于依賴創始人,把創始人捧上神壇,由創始人來指揮一切,發號施令。然而,世界發展越來越快,面對未來的挑戰,沒有人是完美的,團隊真正需要的是“少一點控制,多給到情景”。只有這樣,一線的員工才能獲得更為充分的信息,從而幫助你更好地決策,而不是把問題都集中到CEO這里。
奇博士,您那邊還有什么問題?
I agree with that. It is a common situation that people in a company put their CEO on the pedestal and let him give all the instructions, let him tackle all problems, and let him control every tiny little thing.However, the world changes faster and faster, and nobody is perfect, to face the challenges of the coming future, what a team really needs is “less control and more context”. In this way, employees can obtain more detailed information and make better decisions, instead of letting CEOs.
Qi, do you have any other questions?
陸奇:希望還可以問兩個問題。第一個問題是,從領導層面來說公司的發展,給員工更多的自由的同時,官僚主義依然存在。通常情況下,隨著公司發展壯大,官僚主義會越來越嚴重。在這種情況下,決策速度會變慢,公司運行效率成了問題。員工擁有更多的自由之后,怎樣在公司發展中能減少官僚主義的產生?想知道你對這個問題的看法。
Hopefully we can squeeze Reed for two questions. One question is, from our leaders, which is the following, as the company grows, when we start to give more freedom to the employees, the worries, the bureaucracy still remains, and typically as the company grows, the bureaucracy still gets more and more. To the point whereby, there‘s a lot of decisions slow down, and corporate efficiency also becomes a problem. People are interested in knowing your thought, as we give more freedom to the employees,how we also work to reduce the level of bureaucracy as the company grows.
哈斯廷斯:需要通過弘揚企業的價值觀來實現,包括員工如何互動,公司有什么目標,在哪些領域有創新,客戶面臨什么問題等。如果你擁抱挑戰,對彼此有清楚的期望,那么人們可以獨立解決問題并做得很好。這是和典型的工廠思維模式——給工人下指示截然不同的。所以,這不是簡單地交出手里的鑰匙,讓公司陷入“無政府狀態”。相反,這能讓你引導價值觀,進行激勵,在大環境中發揮更大作用。
You have to compensate for that freedom to be preaching about the values, both how people interact, and about what the firm is trying to do, what areas are innovative, what the problems are that the customers are facing. So if you bring alive the challenges, and you‘re clear about the expectations on behavior with each other, then you got another guidance, that independent people can figure things out and do them really well, as opposed to be told what to do, and organized the typical kind of thought of factory men. So again, it’s not you just turn the keys over, and let anarchy rule. Instead you‘re trying to lead values and inspiration. And set in context.
陸奇:里德,中國有很多人視你為創業創新的榜樣。你有什么秘訣想要傳授給中國的年青一代企業家嗎?
Reed, there‘s so many people in China, look up to you as a real model for entrepreneurs, for innovations. Do you have any secret advice, key points, you want Chinese young generations, entrepreneurs,to be exact, to know?
哈斯廷斯:我認為最激動人心的工作是全球性的工作,像騰訊就是全球企業。我是騰訊全球化發展的超級粉絲。全球化業務讓世界更親密。我希望聽眾能夠有創造的渴望,創造出在全國乃至全球引以為傲的業績,同時使世界聯系更緊密。
I think some of the most exciting work is the global work, like Tencent has been doing all around the world. I‘m just a great fan of their such a global ambition. That will help glue the world together. I hope all of your listeners aspire to create something successful and great in China, but also successful and great in the whole world and brings us together.
陸奇:非常感謝你,里德!你的智慧和思想對中國企業家來說意義重大。感謝你今天抽出時間接受采訪。
Thank you so much, Reed! I think your wisdom and thoughts will mean so much to China‘s entrepreneurs and innovators.We really appreciate your time today.
哈斯廷斯:期待在北京見到你。
See you in Beijing soon.
陸奇:期待在北京見到你。
See you soon.Absolutely looking forward to.
張一甲:感謝陸奇博士和哈斯廷斯精彩的對話,相信今天的對話,會給很多中國朋友們帶來全新的啟發。
今天的對話,讓我想到陸奇博士在《如何解構一家企業》一文中發表的他的觀點:要做好一個產品,最關鍵的是文化,而不是人才。
文化就像空氣。看不見、摸不著,但決定生死。
2021年開始了,我們也都站在了新的起點上。我們正處在一個充滿變革的時代,一個波瀾壯闊的時代,我們正在從工業時代走向智能時代——新時代需要新企業,也需要新方法、新理念。
很多創業者、企業家都很喜歡閱讀,然而,市面上大量的管理學書籍和方法論還是工業時代的管理學方法論,時代變了,方法也需要跟著變,但Netflix讓我們看到,一個更加靈活、靈動的新時代的方法論;更讓我們感受到,一種不拘一格的企業文化和精神。
因此,感興趣的讀者,真的可以好好研究一下這本書,相信你會喜歡。
今天的直播就到這里,謝謝大家的時間!