* 一旦確認經濟已經復蘇，則將采取措施改善銀行系統中的資金質量、數量和國際協調性。今后，監管措施必須能阻止過度杠桿，并要求銀行在經濟良好時期也需儲備充足的緩沖資金；

　　* 采取行動反對“避稅港”等不合作的行為，我們已經做好了制裁這些行為的準備，以保護公共財政及金融系統。銀行擁有保密權的時代已經結束。我們注意到，經濟合作與發展組織(OECD)今天公布了一份名單，列出了由全球論壇評估的反對按照全球標準交換稅務信息的國家；

　　* 呼吁會計準則制定機構盡快與監管機構進行合作，改進資產估值和準備金標準，完成一套高質量的全球會計準則；

　　* 擴大監管措施的適用范圍，將信用評級機構涵蓋在內，以確保這些機構能達到良好的國際行為標準，尤其是要防止出現令人無法接受的利益沖突。

　　16. 我們要求各國財長按照《行動方案》中的時間表執行上述決議。我們已經要求金融穩定委員會(FSB)和國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)來監督進展情況，與金融行動特別小組和其他相關實體密切協作，并在11月份在蘇格蘭召開的下一次各國財長會議上提交一份報告。

　　鞏固全球金融機構

　　17. 新興市場和發展中國家一直是近來世界增長的引擎，但現在也面臨著嚴峻的挑戰，令全球經濟當前的滑坡局面雪上加霜。要恢復全球信心并復蘇經濟，資本必須持續不斷地流向這些國家。這就需要下大力氣鞏固國際金融機構，尤其是IMF。因此，我們今天一致同意，通過全球金融機構追加8500億美元可用資金，這筆資金將用來為逆周期支出、銀行資本充足、基礎設施建設、貿易融資、支持國際收支平衡、新債替舊債和社會支持提供資金，從而支持新興市場和發展中國家的增長。為此目的：

　　·我們同意通過成員國的直接融資向IMF提供2500億美元可用資源，隨后共同達成一個規模更大、更加靈活的新的貸款安排，再增加最高5000億美元，并考慮是否有必要向市場舉債。

　　·我們支持由各多邊開發銀行(MDB)大幅增加至少1000億美元的貸款，包括向低收入國家提供貸款，并確保所有多邊開發銀行的安全，包括擁有適當的資本。

　　18. 這些資源應該得到有效和靈活的利用以支持增長，這一點至關重要。在這一方面，我們贊賞IMF取得的進展，包括它新推出的靈活信貸安排(FCL)，以及它對貸款和限制條件框架的改革，這將確保IMF的各種工具能夠有效地解決各國收支平衡融資需要的內在問題，尤其是外部資本從銀行和企業部門回撤的問題。我們支持墨西哥尋求FCL的決定。

　　19. 我們一致支持進行一次總的特別提款權(SDR)分配，此舉將向世界經濟注入2500億美元并提高全球流動性，并要求對《第四次修正案》進行緊急修訂。

　　20. 為了讓我們的金融機構能夠幫助管理危機并防范未來的危機，我們必須增強它們的長期相關度、執行效力和合法性。因此除了我們今天達成的大幅增加資金來源的協議，我們還決定對國際金融機構進行現代化改革，確保它們能夠在面臨新的挑戰時有效地向成員國和股東提供協助。我們將改革它們的授權、規模和治理，使之適應世界經濟的變化和全球化的新挑戰，同時新興市場和發展中國家，包括窮國在內，必須有更大的話語權和代表權。要實現這一點，就必須相應地通過提高戰略遠見和決策水平來增強這些機構的信譽和問責機制。出于這一目的：

　　· 我們要堅決執行2008年4月達成的IMF配額和話語權改革的方案，并要求IMF在2011年1月之前完成下一次配額審查。

　　·除此之外，我們同意應該考慮給予IMF官員更高的參與度，令其能夠向IMF提供戰略指導并加強其問責機制。

　　·我們要致力于執行2008年10月達成的世界銀行改革方案。我們希望能夠在接下來的會議上獲得進一步的建議，加快進度，爭取在2010年春季的會議上就話語權和代表權改革達成一致。

　　·我們同意，國際金融機構的首腦和高級領導應該通過公開、透明的優選程序來指派。

　　·根據IMF和世界銀行的最新報告，我們要求會議主席與G20財長進行廣泛深入的探討，并在下一次會議上向大家報告，以期為提高國際金融機構的反應速度和適應能力進行深入改革。

　　21. 除了改革我們的國際金融機構，令其適應全球化的新挑戰，我們同意在關于促進經濟活動可持續性的一些關鍵價值和原則上達成一項全球共識。我們支持就經濟活動的可持續性問題進行討論以期形成一個憲章，并就此在下一次會議上作進一步討論。我們注意到其他一些論壇已經開始研究這一問題，希望能夠對經濟活動可持續性問題的憲章做進一步研討。

　　反對保護主義和促進全球貿易及投資

　　22. 世界貿易的增長促成了世界半個世紀的持續繁榮。但是，現在它出現了25年來的首次下滑。需求的萎縮因保護主義壓力的增大和商業信貸撤離而加劇。重振世界貿易和投資是恢復全球經濟增長的核心所在。我們不會重犯過往時代保護主義的歷史錯誤。為此我們重申在華盛頓許下的承諾：不得針對投資或商品及服務貿易設置新的障礙，不對出口施加新的限制，不得推行違背世貿組織(WTO)規則的措施來刺激出口。此外，我們將立即行動糾正已采取的這一類措施。我們決定將上述承諾的期限延長至2010年結束。

　　我們將努力把包括財政政策和支持金融業行動在內的國內政策行動對貿易和投資的任何不利影響降至最低程度。我們不會退而奉行金融保護主義，尤其不能采取限制世界范圍內的資本流動——特別是流向發展中國家的資本——的措施。

　　我們將立即把任何這樣的行為通報WTO，我們呼吁WTO和其他國際組織共同在各自職權范圍內監督我們履行上述承諾的情況并每個季度予以公布。

　　與此同時，我們將采取一切力所能及的行動來促進和推動貿易及投資，我們將確保在未來兩年中通過出口信貸和投資機構及多邊開發銀行(MDB)至少提供2500億美元的資金來支持貿易融資。我們還將要求我們的金融監管機構將必備資本中的可用彈性資金用于貿易融資。

　　23. 我們將繼續致力于就急需的多哈發展議程達成一個積極和兼顧各方的協議，這樣世界經濟總量每年至少能增加1500億美元。為達成這一目標，我們承諾將維護議程已取得的進展，其中包括就議程形式所達成的一致。

　　24. 未來一段時期中，我們將把工作重點和政治關注重新轉向這一關鍵性事務，我們將通過持續不斷的工作和所有相關的國際會議來推動議程取得進展。

　　確保所有經濟體公平而持續地復蘇

　　25. 我們決心不能僅恢復經濟的成長，我們還必須為一個公平和可持續的世界經濟奠定基礎。我們已經意識到，當前這場危機對最貧窮國家的沖擊過重，我們共同負有減輕本次危機對社會影響的責任，以求將危機對全球發展潛力的長期破壞降至最低限度。

　　我們重申我們在千年發展目標會議上作出的歷史性承諾，我們將致力于履行我們各自的官方發展援助(ODA)承諾，其中包括促進貿易援助、債務減免及格倫伊格斯(Gleneagles)會議上做出的承諾，特別是對撒哈拉以南非洲國家的承諾。

　　我們今天已采取的行動和已做出的決定將提供500億美元來支持低收入國家的社會保障、促進貿易和安全發展，這是我們在危機中顯著加大對低收入國家和其他發展中國家以及新興市場扶持力度的一個組成部分。

　　我們正在使最貧窮國家能獲得社會保障所需的資源，其中包括向長期食品安全投資和志愿向世界銀行的《脆弱性框架計劃》 -- 該計劃包括基礎設施危機基金和社會快速響應基金——提供雙邊性捐款。

　　我們已決定借助新的收入模式——即動用IMF出售黃金所產生的更多資源——和結余資金在未來2至3年中為最貧窮國家再提供60億美元的形式靈活的特惠貸款。我們呼吁IMF在春季會議上就此拿出切實的計劃。

　　我們已同意對《償債能力架構》的靈活性進行再評估，我們呼吁IMF和世行在國際貨幣金融委員會(IMFC)和發展委員會的年會上就此作出通報。我們呼吁聯合國和其他國際機構建立一個有效機制，監控當前危機對最貧窮和最脆弱國家的影響。

　　26. 我們對受本次危機影響的人口的數量和范圍有清醒認識。我們承諾將通過創造就業機會和收入支持措施來幫助那些受到危機影響的人。我們將建立一個對男性和女性均友好的勞動力市場。因此，我們歡迎倫敦就業會議和羅馬社會峰會發布的公報和它們所提出的基本原則。我們將借助刺激經濟增長、投資于教育和培訓來支持就業，通過積極的勞動力市場政策和關注最弱勢人群來鼓勵用工。我們呼吁國際勞工組織和其他相關機構共同工作，對我們已采取和未來有必要再采取的行動進行評估。

　　27. 我們同意以最佳方式使用財政刺激計劃的資金，以達成幫助經濟有活力、可持續且綠色復蘇的目標。我們將進行變革，轉用清潔的節省資源和低碳排放量的新技術及基礎設施。我們鼓勵多邊開發銀行(MDB)致力于達成這樣的目標。我們將共同確定和推行構建可持續發展經濟的進一步舉措。

　　27. 我們重申我們在化解氣候不可逆變化威脅方面的承諾，其依據是各國負有共同但有區別責任的原則。我們將致力于在2009年12月于哥本哈根召開的聯合國氣候變化會議上達成協議。

　　履行我們的承諾

　　29. 我們已承諾共同采取堅決的緊急行動，將以上承諾轉化為行動。我們同意在今年底之前再次集會評估我們履行承諾的進展。

    英文版全文：

　　London Summit – Leaders’ Statement

　　2 April 2009

　　1. We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, met in London on 2 April 2009。

　　2. We face the greatest challenge to the world economy in modern times; a crisis which has deepened since we last met, which affects the lives of women, men, and children in every country, and which all countries must join together to resolve. A global crisis requires a global solution。

　　3. We start from the belief that prosperity is indivisible; that growth, to be sustained, has to be shared; and that our global plan for recovery must have at its heart the needs and jobs of hard-working families, not just in developed countries but in emerging markets and the poorest countries of the world too; and must reflect the interests, not just of today’s population, but of future generations too. We believe that the only sure foundation for sustainable globalisation and rising prosperity for all is an open world economy based on market principles, effective regulation, and strong global institutions。

　　4. We have today therefore pledged to do whatever is necessary to:

　　restore confidence, growth, and jobs;

　　repair the financial system to restore lending;

　　strengthen financial regulation to rebuild trust;

　　fund and reform our international financial institutions to overcome this crisis and prevent future ones;

　　promote global trade and investment and reject protectionism, to underpin prosperity; and build an inclusive, green, and sustainable recovery。

　　By acting together to fulfil these pledges we will bring the world economy out of recession and prevent a crisis like this from recurring in the future。

　　5. The agreements we have reached today, to treble resources available to the IMF to $750 billion, to support a new SDR allocation of $250 billion, to support at least $100 billion of additional lending by the MDBs, to ensure $250 billion of support for trade finance, and to use the additional resources from agreed IMF gold sales for concessional finance for the poorest countries, constitute an additional $1.1 trillion programme of support to restore credit, growth and jobs in the world economy. Together with the measures we have each taken nationally, this constitutes a global plan for recovery on an unprecedented scale。

　　Restoring growth and jobs

　　6. We are undertaking an unprecedented and concerted fiscal expansion, which will save or create millions of jobs which would otherwise have been destroyed, and that will, by the end of next year, amount to $5 trillion, raise output by 4 per cent, and accelerate the transition to a green economy. We are committed to deliver the scale of sustained fiscal effort necessary to restore growth。

　　7. Our central banks have also taken exceptional action. Interest rates have been cut aggressively in most countries, and our central banks have pledged to maintain expansionary policies for as long as needed and to use the full range of monetary policy instruments, including unconventional instruments, consistent with price stability。

　　8. Our actions to restore growth cannot be effective until we restore domestic lending and international capital flows. We have provided significant and comprehensive support to our banking systems to provide liquidity, recapitalise financial institutions, and address decisively the problem of impaired assets. We are committed to take all necessary actions to restore the normal flow of credit through the financial system and ensure the soundness of systemically important institutions, implementing our policies in line with the agreed G20 framework for restoring lending and repairing the financial sector。

　　9. Taken together, these actions will constitute the largest fiscal and monetary stimulus and the most comprehensive support programme for the financial sector in modern times. Acting together strengthens the impact and the exceptional policy actions announced so far must be implemented without delay. Today, we have further agreed over $1 trillion of additional resources for the world economy through our international financial institutions and trade finance。

　　10. Last month the IMF estimated that world growth in real terms would resume and rise to over 2 percent by the end of 2010. We are confident that the actions we have agreed today, and our unshakeable commitment to work together to restore growth and jobs, while preserving long-term fiscal sustainability, will accelerate the return to trend growth. We commit today to taking whatever action is necessary to secure that outcome, and we call on the IMF to assess regularly the actions taken and the global actions required。

　　11. We are resolved to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability and price stability and will put in place credible exit strategies from the measures that need to be taken now to support the financial sector and restore global demand. We are convinced that by implementing our agreed policies we will limit the longer-term costs to our economies, thereby reducing the scale of the fiscal consolidation necessary over the longer term。

　　12. We will conduct all our economic policies cooperatively and responsibly with regard to the impact on other countries and will refrain from competitive devaluation of our currencies and promote a stable and well-functioning international monetary system. We will support, now and in the future, to candid, even-handed, and independent IMF surveillance of our economies and financial sectors, of the impact of our policies on others, and of risks facing the global economy。

　　Strengthening financial supervision and regulation

　　13. Major failures in the financial sector and in financial regulation and supervision were fundamental causes of the crisis. Confidence will not be restored until we rebuild trust in our financial system. We will take action to build a stronger, more globally consistent, supervisory and regulatory framework for the future financial sector, which will support sustainable global growth and serve the needs of business and citizens。

　　14. We each agree to ensure our domestic regulatory systems are strong. But we also agree to establish the much greater consistency and systematic cooperation between countries, and the framework of internationally agreed high standards, that a global financial system requires. Strengthened regulation and supervision must promote propriety, integrity and transparency; guard against risk across the financial system; dampen rather than amplify the financial and economic cycle; reduce reliance on inappropriately risky sources of financing; and discourage excessive risk-taking. Regulators and supervisors must protect consumers and investors, support market discipline, avoid adverse impacts on other countries, reduce the scope for regulatory arbitrage, support competition and dynamism, and keep pace with innovation in the marketplace。

　　15. To this end we are implementing the Action Plan agreed at our last meeting, as set out in the attached progress report. We have today also issued a Declaration, Strengthening the Financial System. In particular we agree:

　　to establish a new Financial Stability Board (FSB) with a strengthened mandate, as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum (FSF)， including all G20 countries, FSF members, Spain, and the European Commission;

　　that the FSB should collaborate with the IMF to provide early warning of macroeconomic and financial risks and the actions needed to address them;

　　to reshape our regulatory systems so that our authorities are able to identify and take account of macro-prudential risks;

　　to extend regulation and oversight to all systemically important financial institutions, instruments and markets. This will include, for the first time, systemically important hedge funds;

　　to endorse and implement the FSF’s tough new principles on pay and compensation and to support sustainable compensation schemes and the corporate social responsibility of all firms;

　　to take action, once recovery is assured, to improve the quality, quantity, and international consistency of capital in the banking system. In future, regulation must prevent excessive leverage and require buffers of resources to be built up in good times;

　　to take action against non-cooperative jurisdictions, including tax havens. We stand ready to deploy sanctions to protect our public finances and financial systems. The era of banking secrecy is over. We note that the OECD has today published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of tax information;

　　to call on the accounting standard setters to work urgently with supervisors and regulators to improve standards on valuation and provisioning and achieve a single set of high-quality global accounting standards; and

　　to extend regulatory oversight and registration to Credit Rating Agencies to ensure they meet the international code of good practice, particularly to prevent unacceptable conflicts of interest。

　　16. We instruct our Finance Ministers to complete the implementation of these decisions in line with the timetable set out in the Action Plan. We have asked the FSB and the IMF to monitor progress, working with the Financial Action Taskforce and other relevant bodies, and to provide a report to the next meeting of our Finance Ministers in Scotland in November。

　　Strengthening our global financial institutions

　　17. Emerging markets and developing countries, which have been the engine of recent world growth, are also now facing challenges which are adding to the current downturn in the global economy. It is imperative for global confidence and economic recovery that capital continues to flow to them. This will require a substantial strengthening of the international financial institutions, particularly the

　　IMF. We have therefore agreed today to make available an additional $850 billion of resources through the global financial institutions to support growth in emerging market and developing countries by helping to finance counter-cyclical spending, bank recapitalisation, infrastructure, trade finance, balance of payments support, debt rollover, and social support. To this end:

　　we have agreed to increase the resources available to the IMF through immediate financing from members of $250 billion, subsequently incorporated into an expanded and more flexible New Arrangements to Borrow, increased by up to $500 billion, and to consider market borrowing if necessary; and

　　we support a substantial increase in lending of at least $100 billion by the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)， including to low income countries, and ensure that all MDBs, including have the appropriate capital。

　　18. It is essential that these resources can be used effectively and flexibly to support growth. We welcome in this respect the progress made by the IMF with its new Flexible Credit Line (FCL) and its reformed lending and conditionality framework which will enable the IMF to ensure that its facilities address effectively the underlying causes of countries’ balance of payments financing needs, particularly the withdrawal of external capital flows to the banking and corporate sectors. We support Mexico’s decision to seek an FCL arrangement。

　　19. We have agreed to support a general SDR allocation which will inject $250 billion into the world economy and increase global liquidity, and urgent ratification of the Fourth Amendment。

　　20. In order for our financial institutions to help manage the crisis and prevent future crises we must strengthen their longer term relevance, effectiveness and legitimacy. So alongside the significant increase in resources agreed today we are determined to reform and modernise the international financial institutions to ensure they can assist members and shareholders effectively in the new challenges they face. We will reform their mandates, scope and governance to reflect changes in the world economy and the new challenges of globalisation, and that emerging and developing economies, including the poorest, must have greater voice and representation. This must be accompanied by action to increase the credibility and accountability of the institutions through better strategic oversight and decision making. To this end:

　　we commit to implementing the package of IMF quota and voice reforms agreed in April 2008 and call on the IMF to complete the next review of quotas by January 2011;

　　we agree that, alongside this, consideration should be given to greater involvement of the Fund’s Governors in providing strategic direction to the IMF and increasing its accountability;

　　we commit to implementing the World Bank reforms agreed in October 2008. We look forward to further recommendations, at the next meetings, on voice and representation reforms on an accelerated timescale, to be agreed by the 2010 Spring Meetings;

　　we agree that the heads and senior leadership of the international financial institutions should be appointed through an open, transparent, and merit-based selection process; and

　　building on the current reviews of the IMF and World Bank we asked the Chairman, working with the G20 Finance Ministers, to consult widely in an inclusive process and report back to the next meeting with proposals for further reforms to improve the responsiveness and adaptability of the IFIs。

　　21. In addition to reforming our international financial institutions for the new challenges of globalisation we agreed on the desirability of a new global consensus on the key values and principles that will promote sustainable economic activity. We support discussion on such a charter for sustainable economic activity with a view to further discussion at our next meeting. We take note of the work started in other fora in this regard and look forward to further discussion of this charter for sustainable economic activity。

　　Resisting protectionism and promoting global trade and investment

　　22. World trade growth has underpinned rising prosperity for half a century. But it is now falling for the first time in 25 years. Falling demand is exacerbated by growing protectionist pressures and a withdrawal of trade credit. Reinvigorating world trade and investment is essential for restoring global growth. We will not repeat the historic mistakes of protectionism of previous eras. To this end:

　　we reaffirm the commitment made in Washington: to refrain from raising new barriers to investment or to trade in goods and services, imposing new export restrictions, or implementing World Trade Organisation (WTO)

　　inconsistent measures to stimulate exports. In addition we will rectify promptly any such measures. We extend this pledge to the end of 2010;

　　we will minimise any negative impact on trade and investment of our domestic policy actions including fiscal policy and action in support of the financial sector. We will not retreat into financial protectionism, particularly measures that constrain worldwide capital flows, especially to developing countries;

　　we will notify promptly the WTO of any such measures and we call on the WTO, together with other international bodies, within their respective mandates, to monitor and report publicly on our adherence to these undertakings on a quarterly basis;

　　we will take, at the same time, whatever steps we can to promote and facilitate trade and investment; and

　　we will ensure availability of at least $250 billion over the next two years to support trade finance through our export credit and investment agencies and through the MDBs. We also ask our regulators to make use of available flexibility in capital requirements for trade finance。

　　23. We remain committed to reaching an ambitious and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Round, which is urgently needed. This could boost the global economy by at least $150 billion per annum. To achieve this we are committed to building on the progress already made, including with regard to modalities。

　　24. We will give renewed focus and political attention to this critical issue in the coming period and will use our continuing work and all international meetings that are relevant to drive progress。

　　Ensuring a fair and sustainable recovery for all

　　25. We are determined not only to restore growth but to lay the foundation for a fair and sustainable world economy. We recognise that the current crisis has a disproportionate impact on the vulnerable in the poorest countries and recognise our collective responsibility to mitigate the social impact of the crisis to minimise long-lasting damage to global potential. To this end:

　　we reaffirm our historic commitment to meeting the Millennium Development Goals and to achieving our respective ODA pledges, including commitments on Aid for Trade, debt relief, and the Gleneagles commitments, especially to sub-Saharan Africa;

　　the actions and decisions we have taken today will provide $50 billion to support social protection, boost trade and safeguard development in low income countries, as part of the significant increase in crisis support for these and other developing countries and emerging markets;

　　we are making available resources for social protection for the poorest countries, including through investing in long-term food security and through voluntary bilateral contributions to the World Bank’s Vulnerability Framework, including the Infrastructure Crisis Facility, and the Rapid Social Response Fund;

　　we have committed, consistent with the new income model, that additional resources from agreed sales of IMF gold will be used, together with surplus income, to provide $6 billion additional concessional and flexible finance for the poorest countries over the next 2 to 3 years. We call on the IMF to come forward with concrete proposals at the Spring Meetings;

　　we have agreed to review the flexibility of the Debt Sustainability Framework and call on the IMF and World Bank to report to the IMFC and Development Committee at the Annual Meetings; and

　　we call on the UN, working with other global institutions, to establish an effective mechanism to monitor the impact of the crisis on the poorest and most vulnerable。

　　26. We recognise the human dimension to the crisis. We commit to support those affected by the crisis by creating employment opportunities and through income support measures. We will build a fair and family-friendly labour market for both women and men. We therefore welcome the reports of the London Jobs Conference and the Rome Social Summit and the key principles they proposed. We will support employment by stimulating growth, investing in education and training, and through active labour market policies, focusing on the most vulnerable. We call upon the ILO, working with other relevant organisations, to assess the actions taken and those required for the future。

　　27. We agreed to make the best possible use of investment funded by fiscal stimulus programmes towards the goal of building a resilient, sustainable, and green recovery. We will make the transition towards clean, innovative, resource efficient, low carbon technologies and infrastructure. We encourage the MDBs to contribute fully to the achievement of this objective. We will identify and work together on further measures to build sustainable economies。

　　28. We reaffirm our commitment to address the threat of irreversible climate change, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and to reach agreement at the UN Climate Change conference in Copenhagen in December 2009。

　　Delivering our commitments

　　29. We have committed ourselves to work together with urgency and determination to translate these words into action. We agreed to meet again before the end of this year to review progress on our commitments。

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