世界化對(duì)中歐社會(huì)的沖擊：公共服務(wù)的概念、財(cái)政與管理

　　城市 : RO - Bucarest

　　In partnership with :

　　AITEC (Association Internationale de Techniciens, Experts et Chercheurs) : aitec.reseau-ipam.org (english version)

　　無(wú)論在歐洲還是在中國(guó)，人們普遍都認(rèn)為社會(huì)活動(dòng)不應(yīng)當(dāng)只由市場(chǎng)規(guī)律支配。后者難免會(huì)對(duì)人類(lèi)尊嚴(yán)、對(duì)社會(huì)和諧、尤其是對(duì)貧困者的生活水平構(gòu)成威脅，從地方到全球的各級(jí)公共機(jī)構(gòu)因此都肩負(fù)著建立廣泛的特殊領(lǐng)域的責(zé)任，這個(gè)領(lǐng)域可以部分地逃脫市場(chǎng)的魔爪。私營(yíng)企業(yè)也可以承擔(dān)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展和管理責(zé)任，但須通過(guò)一系列使相關(guān)成本社會(huì)化的機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)，以便社會(huì)的貧困階層也能從中受益。這個(gè)公共權(quán)力干預(yù)的領(lǐng)域主要包括教育、衛(wèi)生、養(yǎng)老、供水、能源、交通、通訊、郵政、文化、研究和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的一部分。當(dāng)然公共權(quán)力的干預(yù)畢竟還不同于公共權(quán)力直接管理。

　　在歐盟，我們需要維系一種平衡，也就是說(shuō)一方面要維護(hù)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境，因?yàn)檫@是歐盟的基石之一，另一方面市場(chǎng)規(guī)律在很多行業(yè)所起的作用并不盡如人意，因此需要干預(yù)和監(jiān)控。

　　讓所有人都能享受到服務(wù)的夢(mèng)想始終縈繞于我們的腦際，但目標(biāo)歸目標(biāo)，這并不意味著這服務(wù)就必須由公共權(quán)力部門(mén)來(lái)管理和經(jīng)營(yíng)，于是“普遍利益服務(wù)”的概念就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這個(gè)概念激發(fā)我們進(jìn)行深刻反思。即使是在歐洲，美國(guó)模式的信奉者也已為數(shù)眾多，他們相信民營(yíng)模式較公營(yíng)更為優(yōu)越，商業(yè)領(lǐng)域和為普遍利益服務(wù)的領(lǐng)域之間的界限業(yè)已模糊不清。

　　在中國(guó)，國(guó)營(yíng)事業(yè)經(jīng)歷了迅速的收縮，這使得國(guó)家有必要思考未來(lái)公共服務(wù)的界定和公共服務(wù)管理的方法。即使是在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)部，人們也在對(duì)商業(yè)的無(wú)限擴(kuò)張?zhí)岢隽速|(zhì)疑。在反全球化運(yùn)動(dòng)中最流行的口號(hào)便是“世界不是一件商品”，這絕非偶然。

　　與會(huì)者對(duì)公共服務(wù)或者說(shuō)普遍利益服務(wù)的理念、資金供應(yīng)和管理都有各自的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和反思，本論壇的宗旨便是要讓這些思想得以相互碰撞出絢麗的火花。

　　與會(huì)者列表：

　　Ladies :

　　CABIOC’H Hélène

　　KNOTTNERUS Roeline

　　LIU Guiying (劉桂英)

　　PARUOLO Silvana

　　REICHERT Inge

　　WEHLANDER Caroline

　　Gentlemen :

　　BAUBY Pierre

　　BRIE Ilie

　　DUDU Florian

　　EUSTATHOPOULOS Yannis

　　GALEPIDES Nicolas

　　HENCKS Raymond

　　LOBINA EMANUELE

　　LUO Hongguang (羅紅光)

　　MA Jun (馬駿)

　　軸心人物 : BAUBY Pierre, CABIOC’H Hélène, PETIT Fanny

　　組織者 : BAUBY Pierre, BRIE Ilie, CABIOC’H Hélène, DUDU Florian, PROFIROIU Marius

　　主持 : LUO Hongguang (羅紅光)

　　后勤支持 : CABIOC’H Hélène

　　接待 : CABIOC’H Hélène

　　論題文件：

　　DESIGN, FUNDING AND MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE

　　Europeanization of public service

　　In the course of the first Europe-China forum in Nansha, September 2005, the main characteristics and evolutions of public service in Europe were presented through a workshop. Let us remind its main elements.

　　In all European countries, no matter how diverse the terms and concepts used, the qualified territorial echelons (local or national), the mercantile (or not) nature of certain services and types of concerned agents (public, private, joint, associative), public authorities were led to decide that some services could not just follow the sole common law of competition and the sole rules of market, but rather specific rules in order to:

　　guarantee the right for every citizen to access some fundamental goods and services (education, health, transport, communication, etc.)

　　ensure economical, social and territorial cohesion; establish some solidarity

　　create the necessary conditions for a durable development on an economical, social and environmental level; take the long-term perspective and the interests of future generations into account.

　　Those targets and goals of general interest are a common value of Europe. The public services, or services of general interest, represent a key element of the European model of society, characterized by interaction and integration of economical and social progress, making it a social market economy.